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Technische Universität München

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Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

GNSS is an umbrella term for satellite navigation systems like

  • the American Global Positioning System (GPS),
  • the Russian ГЛОНАСС, ГЛОбальная НАвигационная Спутниковая Система (GLONASS), or
  • the European Galileo system.


GNSS have a wide range of applications:

  • positioning
  • navigation
  • remote sensing of the atmosphere from the Earth and from space
  • monitoring of the Earth's rotation
  • orbit determination for satellites in low Earth orbits (LEOs)
  • time transfer